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Dengue cases witness a spurt, come monsoons. With the rains battering the state and sewage mixed rainwater flowing through the streets, it becomes difficult to control the mosquitoes.  Also known as ‘breakbone fever’, dengue can be fatal when ignored. Being cautious and taking preventive measures becomes all the more necessary, given the fact that no dengue fever vaccine has been developed till date and the work is still in progress. The treatment is usually aimed at alleviating the symptoms. Those with the compromised immune system such as kids and senior citizens are at a greater risk of acquiring the infection from dengue virus. Since the symptoms of dengue in kids resemble that of a viral infection requiring immediate attention, here are a few guidelines that must be adhered to in order to prevent dengue in children- Keep the surroundings neat-  Dirty surroundings and stagnant water invite mosquitoes like no other. Make sure to change water frequently and dispo...

Breathing system refers to the components that connect the airway of the patient to the anaesthesia machine. This machine is used to dispense a controlled composition of a gas mixture to the patient and allows controlled, spontaneous or assisted respiration. Thus, it delivers the gas to the patient, removes the expired gas and also controls the humidity and temperature of the mixture that is to be dispensed. It can also provide ports for airway pressure, gas sampling, volume and flow monitoring. Mapleson was able to analyse five different arrangements of the components, known as the Mapleson system. This consists of fresh gas flow, a breathing tube, a mask, a reservoir bag and an expiratory valve. These were designated from A to E and the system F was added later on by Wills et al. The characteristics of an ideal breathing system include simplicity, safety and a reasonable cost. It should be able to deliver the intended inspired gas mixture and permit controlled, spontaneous...